====== Introduction ====== ==== 表示某研究方向的重要性 ==== * In the past 10 years, considerable attention has been paid to perovskite materials falling within the classification La1−xSrxMO3(where M is a transition metal) as catalysts for oxygen reduction. * Among them, Mn-based oxides have attracted extensive interest because of low cost, high abundance, environmental friendliness and considerable activity. * Rechargeable magnesium batteries have lately received great attention for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high volumetric capacities, low materials cost, and safe characteristic. * Among the various NASICON compounds, NVP has emerged as an interesting candidate because of its impressive energy density. * NaFePO4, unlike its celebrated lithium analogue olivine type LiFePO4, crystallized in the more thermodynamically stable maricite structure, ... * Hence, it is no surprise that similar NaMO2 compounds have been targeted as Na intercalation electrodes. * ... this research revealed not only a new dimension to how p53 works, but also a previously unknown way that ... ==== 表示某研究方向面临的挑战 ==== * However, rechargeable Mg–air batteries with reversible oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are facing challenges and it is worthwhile devoting much effort to this. * As can be seen, the development of cathode materials convenient for rechargeable Mg batteries remains an ongoing challenge due to strict requirements for the intercalation compound that ensures fast Mg 2+ ion transport in combination with a high operating voltage. * Theoretical and experimental investigations on new cathode materials such as V2O5, MoS2, Li4Ti5O12, and MnO2 have demonstrated promising results, but it is generally agreed that a high-voltage high-capacity cathode with fast Mg2+ intercalation kinetics has yet to be identified. * Although some encouraging progress have been made, developing appropriate electrode materials with high capacity and good reversibility is less successful and still require further research. ==== 表示展示性能(这个通用于Abstract,Introduction,Conclusion主要用于Results and Discussion部分) ==== * present, demonstrate, reveal, show, exhibit, feature, posses, have, display, depict, deliver * The as-prepared hydrogenated Pt/CaMnO3 hybrid exhibits a 5-fold higher ORR mass activity and an 11-fold higher specific activity than that of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. * SEM results display average particle sizes of ~50 nm, which is consistent with the XRD line-broadening results.（这些动词很多可以互换，但还是有些小区别的，比如这里如果是展示形貌和图画的话，用display这个词更舒服） * Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284mAhg-1 at a current density of 20mAg-1. * Highly symmetric peak profiles are observed which signify good reversibility of both anodic and cathodic reactions. * The feasibility of graphite in a Na full cell is also confirmed in conjunction with the Na 1.5VPO4.8F0.7 cathode, delivering an energy of ~120 Wh kg-1 while maintaining ~70% of the initial capacity after 250 cycles. ==== 陈述一个判断 ==== * We have no real explanation other than saying that ... ==== 引用之前的研究成果 ==== * Compelling evidence for such a kinetic effect comes from a study showing that in mRNA m6A slows down tRNA selection during translation. ==== 起承转合 ==== * Pyrite FeS2, as an easily obtained natural mineral, has been already commercialized in primary lithium batteries. In recent years, theoretical and experimental investigations of novel cathode materials for MIBs have increased tremendously.25−34(前文说最近有很多研究，紧接着就说这些研究说明了什么) These studies have shown that the discovery of cathode materials is mainly inhibited by the nature of Mg2+ ions: XXX (这是很好的衔接) * It is interesting to note that oxides such as LaMnO3þd and LaNiO3 have intrinsic ORR activity comparable to state-of-the-art Pt/C (Supplementary Fig. S2).(相当于further more) ====== Conclusion ====== ==== 表示总结强调自己工作突破的地方 ==== * 开启本领域的天窗，解决了瓶颈，颠覆了传统理念 * The electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, excellent Mg deposition reversibility as well as the highest anodic potential to date (3.5 V vs. Mg RE) opens the door to research on high energy rechargeable Mg batteries. * In this article, we report a volcano relationship between a material property that serves as the activity descriptor and the intrinsic ORR activity of perovskite-based oxides. Such information has predictive power and provides insights into the design of new catalysts with enhanced ORR activity similar to those reported for platinum-based metals. * The viewpoint from the electronic structure proposed in this study might pave a new way to design electrode materials for multivalent-ion batteries. * The utilization of such a highly electrochemical stable GF unlocks the critical bottleneck of incompatibility among all battery parts, especially parasitic corrosive reactions between electrolyte and currently available current collector, which takes a big step forward towards Mg-based batteries' practical applications. * The methodology described in this work provides a new means for characterizing H-bond alignments and base-pairing patterns in transient nucleic acid conformational states. ====== 动词 ====== ==== 探索,挖掘 ==== * explore, probe, investigate, illustrate * exploit: Therefore, it is desirable to exploit efficient ORR electrocatalysts. ==== 提出 ==== * propose, point out, claim, state ==== 做了某个实验 ==== * perform, carry out, conduct, undertake, adopt ==== 阐释 ==== * illustrate, elucidate * uncover: In an effort to uncover the electrochemical kinetics derived from different LiCl concentrations, … ==== 发生 ==== * take place: ... create a molecular model showing how the entire process takes place. ==== 减轻/缓和/加重/增强 ==== * mitigate 使缓和：The obvious way to mitigate this problem is to use ... * potentiate: Increase the power, effect, or likelihood of (something, especially a drug or physiological reaction) * These proteins have ATP-aided conformational changes that potentiate function. ==== 赋予 ==== * confer...to...: The RIG-I family of proteins has evolved a number of adaptations which confer new functionality to the protein. ==== 达到，成功实现 ==== * To get at that problem, we recrystallized RIG-I with an RNA hairpin. ==== 组成 ==== * compose * Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. * More than 17.6 million firms compose the business sector of our economy. ==== 概括 ==== * recapitulate: You can say that you are going to recapitulate the main points of an explanation, argument, or description when you want to draw attention to the fact that you are going to repeat the most important points as a summary. * This same protein domain has been recapitulated and used in many different types of molecular motors that transit on DNA and RNA. ==== 存在联系 ==== * pertain: If one thing pertains to another, it relates, belongs, or applies to it. * This protein was identified in early studies that pertained more to cancer. ==== 清除，摧毁 ==== * obliterate: remove or destroy all traces of; do away with; destroy completely. * Presaturation obliterates the resonances of rapidly exchanging protons. ==== 表示使…… ==== * enable, endow, allow, afford, render, cause XX to … * endow：Therefore, an ether-based (DEGDME) electrolyte is believed to endow CoS@rGO electrode with remarkable electrochemical properties in the present studies. * cause：Thus, after their formation, polysulfides may diffuse out of the cathode and into the electrolyte separator, causing capacity to fade and leading to degradation reactions at the lithium anode. * bring...into... * increasing the temperature so that pss > 1.0% should bring hybridization kinetics within R1ρ detection ==== 提示，启发，突然想到 ==== * strike as: If something strikes you as being a particular thing, it gives you the impression of being that thing. 给...印象;让...觉得 * ... and there was no structural information on them. So this struck us as a bit of a problem. ==== 参与生物学进程（涉及） ==== * implicate:It plays important roles in RNA metabolism and is implicated in a growing number of cellular processes。 ==== 改变 ==== * reshape：reshape RNA−RNA and RNA-protein interactions * modulate: modulating RNA structure ==== 模糊/降低……的影响 ==== * obscure： the NMR approach does not require a potentially perturbing label, which could obscure the impact of a small chemical modification ==== 发挥功能 ==== * exert：the modification is thought to primarily exert its function by recruiting reader proteins to specific RNA sites. ==== 表示证明 ==== * substantiate: to further substantiate our claim that ... * justify: use clear reasoning to justify each criticism and highlight good points and weaker points. * 其他表达：certify, verify ==== 表示认定 ==== * identity, specify ==== 表示B被A难住，阻止 ==== * inhibit, impede, preclude, plagued * 陷入困境 B get stuck with A * impede：However, some precipitation of insoluble surface species obviously occurs in pristine solutions, which impedes Mg deposition but does not fully avoid it. * retarde：Catalysts located on the left side of the volcano in Figure 1 bind oxygen too strongly, and thus the reaction is retarded by desorption of the OHads. * inhibit：These studies have shown that the discovery of cathode materials is mainly inhibited by the nature of Mg2+ ions: * hinder：However, despite these advantages, the development of rechargeable MIBs remains hindered by a lack of suitable cathode materials and electrolytes and overall anode-electrolyte-cathode incompatibilities. ====== 形容词 ====== ==== 非常XX的，起强调和夸大的作用 ==== * ... exceptionally... * ... strikingly... * ... surprisingly... * ... considerably... * ... other adj. appreciably better... * Interestingly, the electrochemical response measured for the MgCl2 containing solutions is strikingly different than that for the MgTFSI2/DME solution. * The capacity drastically decayed upon further cycling. ==== 更好 ==== * ... noticeably better... * ... appreciably better... * ... confirm the superiority of our ... ==== 有趣的，引人注目的 ==== * of particular interest to 特别有趣: In regard to the contributions made by molecular dynamics, it is of particular interest to characterize ... * compelling: means attractive, or irresistible, or really, really convincing. 引人注目的 * Comparisons of data obtained from ... provide compelling reasons for studying ... ==== 奇怪的 ==== * peculiar: If you describe someone or something as peculiar, you think that they are strange or unusual, sometimes in an unpleasant way.奇怪的，古怪的，不寻常的 * The multiple domains of hDicer arrange in a rather peculiar topology as revealed in the structure. ==== 重要的 ==== * ... is far from trivial. * substantial: * crucial: of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis.决定性的；重要的 * critical: urgently needed; absolutely necessary.批评的，决定性的 * A critical element in the pursuit of this quest is ... * essential: of the greatest importanc;absolutely necessary; vitally necessary;basic and fundamental. 基本的；必要的；本质的 * key: serving as an essential component; effective; producing a desired effect. 关键的 ==== 一般好的 ==== * acceptable: able to be agreed on * Basically any quantum mechanical (QM) procedure yields qualitatively acceptable structural and energetic predictions. * barely satisfactory * In spite of great attempts made for better treatment, the therapeutic outcome is barely satisfactory. * less than satisfying * passable * The vaccine powder was found to have "passable" to "good" flow properties. * fair * adequate: satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity * the present results indicate that the separation of the fluctuations does not provide an adequate basis for describing B-factors. * decent: conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behavior * The challenge in getting a decent signal to the brain for users of cochlear implants (CIs) is described. * fitting ==== 可相信的，可想象的 ==== * conceivable : If something is conceivable, you can imagine it or believe it. 可相信的，可想象的 * Because ..., it was conceivable to use ... ==== 不同的 ==== * distinct: ... this process is distinct from the way BAX is usually activated ... ==== 形容事情发生的次序 ==== * concomitant: is used to describe something that happens at the same time as another thing and is connected with it. * All of this is made possible by the fact that these proteins undergo conformation changes that are concomitant with ATP binding and hydrolysis. ====== 副词 ====== ==== thereby/whereby ==== * thereby: by that means; as a result of that * Students perform in hospitals, thereby gaining a deeper awareness of the therapeutic power of music. * whereby: by means of which or according to which * • RIG-I is a two-trigger motor whereby it's a pretty open protein when it’s wandering around in the cytoplasm. ====== 名词 ====== ==== 术语 ==== * nomenclature: In this article, we use the following nomenclature for …: XAY denotes an adenosine following a nucleotide of type X and preceding a nucleotide of type Y (always in the 5' to 3' direction). ==== 特性 ==== * adaptation 适应：The RIG-I family of proteins has evolved a number of adaptations which confer new functionality to the protein. ====== 连词 ====== ==== 尽管 ==== * notwithstanding: Notwithstanding these successes, ... still remains a significant hurdle. * despite of : Despite of these successes, ... still remains a significant hurdle. ====== 短语 ====== ==== 关于 ==== * in regard to: In regard to the contributions made by molecular dynamics, it is of particular interest to characterize ... ==== 表示数量 ==== * A multitude of: a multitude of things or people is a very large number of them * This motor protein can also have a multitude of other potential functions including functioning as a signaling protein. ==== 表示过程 ==== * In the course of these studies it was found ... * At the outset of this research we expected to encounter far wider ranges of chemical shifts for the different protons in each triplet than are actually observed. ==== 由于 ==== * due to, owe to, thanks to, caused by, arise from, stem from, derive from ==== 对...有好处，促进 ==== * be beneficial for / be favorable to / boost / promote. * e.g. Advances in perovskite-type materials have shown that they possess mixed ionic and electronic conductivity, which is beneficial for catalytic activities.  ==== 对...不好 ==== * be detrimental to / risk * e.g. The peroxide formed in the two-electron mechanism is severely detrimental to the range of compounds examined here, as most manganese compounds with a high oxidation state are susceptible to reduction (to form soluble Mn2+) by the peroxide. * e.g. However, magnesium batteries containing an aqueous electrolyte media risk the decomposition of the Mg metal anode surface. ==== 与……相比 ==== * Relative to：Relative to other methods for studying hybridization kinetics. ==== 与……一致，与……吻合 ==== * be consistent with... * be in (good/excellent) agreement with ... * e.g. The value of ΔωG‑N2 ≈ +5.15 ppm is consistent with H-bonding and in agreement with the experimentally observed differences (ΔωG‑N2 ≈  +4 ppm) between the dG-N2 chemical shifts in WC dG·dC and WB dG·dT bps. ==== 对...极为重要 ==== * play an important role in .../central to * ...such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), both of which are central to the efficiencies of direct-solar and electrolytic water-splitting devices, fuel cells and metal–air batteries ====== 其他 ====== ==== 迄今为止 ==== * thus far: In all DNAs examined thus far the molar ratios of total purines to total pyrimidines were not far from 1. * henthforth: Henceforth, predicted chemical shifts refer to either the calculated conformational shift (δcalc) or the total calculated chemical shift (δp). * 其他表达：so far, by far, to date, up till the present moment, as of now, up to now/until now, hitheto, as yet (多用于否定句). [[https://english.koolearn.com/20171027/823654.html | Ref]]